Pneumatic hammer



No. 749,808. PATENTED JAN. 19, 1904. 0. A. SPEBR & E. c. BOWMAN.

PNEUMATIC HAMMER.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 28. 1.903.

H0 MODEL. Z-SHEETS-SHEET l.

PATENTED JAN. 19, 1904. c. A. SPEBR & E. c. BOWMAN. PNEUMATIC HAMMER.

' APPLICATION FILED MAY 28, 1903.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

H0 MODEL.

UNITED STATES Patented January 19, 1904.

PATENT OFFICE,

CLYDE A. SPEER AND EUGENE C. BOWMAN, OF LOS ANGELES,

CALIFORNIA.

PNEUMATIC HAMMER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 749,808, dated. January19, 1904.

Application filed May 28, 1903, Serial No. 159,181. No model.) i

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, CLYDE A. SPEER and EUGENE C. BOWMAN, citizens ofthe United States, and residents of Los Angeles, in the county of LosAngeles and State of California, have invented a new and usefulImprovement in Pneumatic Hammers, of which the following is aspecification.

Our invention relates to an improvement in pneumatic hammers, theprimary object being to provide means for controlling and utilizing theair-pressu re and directing it in such a manner as to derive therequired pressure and at the same time do away with the jar andvibration so common and objectionable in machinery of this character;and with this object prominently in view our present invention consistsin certain novel features of construction and combinations of parts,which will be hereinafter described, and pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a vertical sectional view ofour improved pneumatic hammer. Fig. 2 is a-view of the turbine andcylinder from one side, a part being broken away. Fig. 3 is a top planview of the same. Fig. 4cis asection on line 4 4 of Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is aview of the hammer, and Fig. 6 is a sectionon the line 6 6 of Fig. 1.

A represents the central section of the casing, 1 the upper section, and2 the lower section, these sections being adapted to be held together byscrew-threads 3 and 4:, respectively. These several sections are boredout smoothly and the combined cylinder 5 and turbine 6 are fitted to thebores of the central section A, wherein they are adapted to turn freely,ball-races and ball-bearings 7 and 8 being provided at the lower ends ofsaid cylinder and turbine-wheel.

Live and exhaust ports 9 and 10, respectively, are formed in section 1of the casing. The port 9 extends from the inlet-duct 11, where thecompressed airis introduced, transversely and radially to one side,where it discharges, as at 12, opposite the turbine, as shown in Figs. 1and 6, so as to cause the air to impinge thereon and rotate the turbineand cylinder. The exhaust-port 10 extends from a point just above theturbine and at one side of its center radially to one side, where itdischarges at the surface of section 1. A semicircular port 13 extendsthrough the turbine concentric with its center into the cylinder 5 andis adapted to register with a supply-port 14 leading directly from themain supply 11 and controlled by valve 15 during one half of itsrevolution and ,with the exhaust-port 10 during the remaining portion ofits revolution,

these ports controlling the discharge of air into and from cylinder 5.An exhaust-duct 16 discharges the air from the turbine at a pointsomewhere opposite the inlet 12.

Fitted to reciprocate within the cylinder is the hammer 17 it beingprovided with keys 18 18, which fit and slide in keyways 1919 in thebore of section 2 of the casing, the function of these parts being toprevent the hammer from turning and confine its motion to anendwise-reciprocating motion, although the cylinder revolves around it.

As a means for raising the hammer after its blow has been delivered asemicircular cam 20 is provided in the lower end of the cylinder 5 inthe path of the lug 21 on the hammer, which latter riding thereuponreturns the hammer to its elevated position preparatory to the deliveryof another blow, which takes place instantly upon the shoulder 22 ofthis lug reaching the end 23 of thecam, at which point the port 13arrives opposite the supply-port 14, thus admitting a full charge ofcompressed air and creating a violent blow of the hammer upon the toolinserted in the socket 25 in the lower end of the section 2 of thecasing. This socket 25 is preferably lined witha steel bushing 26. Thecam 20 is connected with a threaded nut or ring 27, which screws intothe threaded lower end of the cylinder 5. A

spiral spring 28 cushions the upper movement of the hammer.

The general operation of the machine has been alluded to in the courseof the description, but, to briefly summarize,the compressed air isdischarged upon the turbine through port 9 to rapidly revolve theturbine and cylinder, its exhaust passing out through port 16. A valve15 is employed to regulate the amount of compressed air to be dischargedinto cylinder 5 for operating the hammer, and this passes through theport 13 when the latter registers with the port 1 whereupon the hammeris forced outward. As the cylinder con tinuously revolves, the cam 20riding against lug 21 forces the hammer inward, the air in the cylinderthe while exhausting through port 10, which at that time registers withport 13 in the turbine, and by the time the shoulder 22 of the lugreaches the end 23 of the cam the exhaust-port 10 is closed by the solidportion of the turbine-wheel and port 14: is again opened, and theseoperations continue to repeat each other as long as the compressed airis permitted to discharge into the hammer.

By means of the foregoing we effectually overcome the shake, jar, andvibration so common and objectionable in machines of this type,providing instead a uniform rotary and reciprocating motion andperfectly automatic control of the supply and exhaust.

It is evident that slight changes might be resorted to in the form andarrangement of the several parts described without departing from thespirit and scope of our invention, and hence we do not wish to limitourselves to the exact construction herein set forth; but,

Having fully described our invention, what we claim as new, and desireto secure by Letters Patent, is

1. The combination with a reciprocating hammer, of a rotary cylinder,and means for applying fluid-pressure to the cylinder to cause it tomove and means connected with the cylinder for applying fluid-pressureto the hammer.

2. The combination with a reciprocating hammer, of a rotary cylinder,and means for applying fluid-pressure to the cylinder to cause it tomove and means connected with the cylinder for applying fluid-pressureto the hammer, to actuate it in one direction and means carried by thecylinder for moving the hammer in the opposite direction.

3. The combination with a suitable casing, and a cylinder fitted to turntherein and provided with a motor which causes it to rotate and alsohaving a port through one end thereof,

' of a hammer keyed to slide or reciprocate in the casing and adapted tobe actuated in one direction by fluid-pressure admitted through the portin the cylinder, and means carried by the cylinder for returning thehammer in the opposite direction.

4. The combination with a suitable casing, counterbored and providedwith direct and exhaust ports, of a rotary cylinder fitted in the boreof the casing and provided with a motor which is driven byfluid-pressure through said ports, said cylinder having a port, and ahammer fitted to the cylinder and keyed against turning in the casing,and a cam carried by the cylinder for moving the hammer in onedirection.

5. The combination with a suitable casing and a cylinder fitted theretoand provided with a turbine at one end with a concentric porttherethrough, of a hammer keyed against turning in the casing and fittedwithin the cylinder, and means for creating fluid-pressure upon theturbine whereby to rotate the cylinder and for intermittently admittingfluidpressure into the cylinder and permitting it to exhausttherethrough.

6. The combination with a suitable casing and a cylinder fitted theretoand provided with a turbine at one end with a concentric porttherethrough, of a hammer keyed against turning in the casing and fittedwithin the cylinder, means for creating fluid-pressure upon the turbinewhereby to rotate the cylinder and for intermittently admittingfluid-pressure into the cylinder and permitting it to exhausttherethrough, and means for positively forcing the hammer inward whilethe exhaust from the cylinder is taking place.

7 The combination with a suitable casing, of a cylinder fitted theretoand provided with a turbine through which a port is formed. into thecylinder, of a hammer keyed against turning in the casing and adapted tomove endwise in the cylinder, a cam carried by the cylinder and a lug bythe hammer adapted to ride upon the cam with the rotation of thecylinder whereby the hammer is moved endwise in one direction, and asystem of direct and exhaust ports, the former leading from thefluid-pressure supply to the turbine-blades and in position to registerwith the port through the turbine whereby to propel the cylinder andadmit fluid-pressure thereinto to force the hammer in one direction.

8. The combination with a suitable casing, and a hammer, of a cylinderone head of which constitutes a motor and a valve which is propelled byfluid-pressure and which controls the passage of fluid into and out ofthe cylinder.

9. The combination with a casing, made in three sections screwedtogether, one section having ports therein, and a cylinder having aturbine-wheel, said cylinder and turbine fitted to the intermediatesection of the casing, and having ball-bearings therefor, of a hammerfitted to the cylinder and means for exerting fluid pressure against itin one direction whereby to force it endwise and means carried by thecylinder for forcing it back in the opposite direction.

10. The combination with a suitable casing, of a motor-cylinderrotatably fitted therein and provided with a semicircular port extendingthrough the motor end thereof to the interior of the cylinder, a hammeroperating in specification in the presence of two subscribthe cylinder,and ports formed in the casing ing Witnesses.

adapted to be alternately opened and closed CLYDE A. SPEER.

by the head of the cylinder, as the latter EUGENE C. BOVVMANQ rotates,and means for applying pressure to Witnesses:

drive the cylinder. WM. B. HERRIOTT,

In testimony whereof we have signed this F. F. HEDDEN.

